Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Daftar Isi [Tampil]

Buat sebagian orang, mempelajari bahasa Inggris itu cukup sulit. Hal ini karena adanya sejumlah perbedaan kaidah bahasa dalam bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Indonesia. Salah satunya ialah adanya pembagian waktu yang berbeda yang akan memerlukan bentuk kata kerja yang berbeda. Tenses namanya, yakni perubahan bentuk kata kerja berdasarkan pada waktu serta sifat kegiatan ataupun kejadian. Salah satunya ialah present perfect tense. Berikut ini ialah contoh kalimat present perfect tense.

Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Aneka Tense

Pada dasarnya tenses dibagi menjadi 4 jenis, sebagai berikut.

Present

Kalimat yang menunjukkan kejadian pada saat sekarang, yakni sebagai berikut.

  • Simple Present Tense
  • Present Continuous Tense
  • Present Perfect Tense
  • Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past

Kalimat yang menunjukkan kejadian pada masa lampau, yakni sebagai berikut.

  • Simple Past Tense
  • Past Continuous Tense
  • Past Perfect Tense
  • Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future

Kalimat yang menunjukkan kejadian pada masa mendatang, yakni sebagai berikut.

  • Simple Future Tense
  • Future Continuous Tense
  • Future Perfect Tense
  • Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future

Kalimat yang menunjukkan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa yang telah lalu, yakni sebagai berikut.

  • Simple Past Future Tense
  • Past Future Continuous Tense
  • Past Future Perfect Tense
  • Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense terdiri dari auxiliary verb, yakni have atau has, dengan past participle, verb 3.

Auxiliary Have

Auxiliary have dipergunakan untuk subjek berupa I, atau you, dan plural subject seperti berikut ini.

  • Plural pronoun, yaitu they, atau we
  • Plural noun, untuk boys atau men
  • Compound subject dengan kata hubung and bagi you and I, atau A and B

Auxiliary Has

Auxiliary has dipergunakan untuk singular subject, seperti berikut ini.

  • Third person singular pronoun, yaitu he, atau she, atau it
  • Singular noun, seperti man atau A

Proses pembentukan Past Participle

Past participle dibentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran ed, atau en, atau d, atau t, atau n, atau atau ne pada base form yang berupa regular verb. Base form yang berupa irregular verb, maka bentuk past participle nya tidak konsisten.

Sebab perbedaan auxiliary verb tersebut dalam kalimat, maka rumus tense nya pun menjadi berbeda-beda. 

Kalimat pernyataan positif

Rumusnya sebagai berikut.

I/You/We/They + have + verb 3 

Contoh, I have lived in Jogja for a long time

He/She/It + has + verb 3 

Contoh, She has learned English for three years

Kalimat pernyataan negatif

Rumusnya sebagai berikut.

I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3 contoh, I have not lived in Medan for a long time

He/She/It + has + not + verb 3

Contoh, She has not learned English for five years

Kalimat tanya atau interogatif

Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3 

Have you lived in Jogja for a long time?

Has + He/She/It + verb 3? 

Contoh, Has she learned English for three years

Beberapa adverbs yang biasanya dipergunakan untuk mengekspresikan present perfect tense ialah Yet, atau

Already, atau Just, atau Ever, atau

Never.

Lalu untuk tindakan yang belum selesai atau suatu situasi tertentu, maka dapat mempergunakan 

For + keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan masa lampau sampai sekarang

Since + keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan pertama kali kejadiannya atau saat kegiatannya dimulai

Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Berikut beberapa contohnya.

Membicarakan Pengalaman

Contohnya

  • Ani has been to France.
  • She has studied three foreign languages.
  • She thinks She has seen that movie before.
  • How many times has she traveled abroad?
  • I’ve been to Jogja four times. Have you ever been there?

Suatu Perubahan

Contohnya

  • She has grown since the last time you saw her.
  • English has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the African studies program was established.
  • Ani has become more interested in kid education.
  • Her English has really improved since she moved to New York.

Pencapaian atau Hasil

Contohnya

  • Our daughter has learned how to teach.
  • She has sold more than one thousand pieces.
  • Scientists have found a solution.
  • They have cured many deadly diseases.

Kegiatan yang Belum Terselesaikan

Contohnya

  • Ani hasn’t mastered English, but she can communicate.
  • Ani has not finished her homework yet.
  • The hurricane hasn’t stopped.
  • Ani has still not arrived here.

Beberapa Kegiatan yang Terjadi selama Kurun waktu yang Berbeda

She has had five quizzes and three tests so far last semester.

The soldier has attacked that village three times.

He has talked to several specialists about his problem, but nobody knows why he is sick.

I have had many major problems while working on that project.

Present Perfect dalam Bentuk Pasif

Beberapa contoh diatas ialah beberapa contoh dalam kalimat aktif. Bisa juga dibuat dalam kalimat pasif.

Contohnya

  • Kalimat Aktif, They have collect food
  • Kalimat Pasif, Food has been collected.

Dalam membuat kalimat pasif Present perfect tense maka rumusnya ialah sebagai berikut.

Subject + has/have been +  V3

Contohnya sebagai berikut.

  • The story has been written.
  • The participants have been trained.
  • The goods haven’t been checked yet.
  • Have the members been introduced?
  • She has been taken to see the Queen.
  • Has she been introduced to the new teacher?
  • Ani has been promoted five times

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